- Radiation detection: When the ray interacts with the substance in the process of penetrating the object, there is a defect in the part of the transilluminated object (specimen), and the attenuation coefficient of the substance constituting the defect is different from that of the specimen. The transmitted ray intensity will be different from the surrounding.
- Ultrasonic testing: Ultrasonic flaw testing is a non-destructive testing method that utilizes the difference in acoustic properties of materials and their defects to reflect the ultrasonic propagation waveform and the energy change of penetration time to test internal defects of materials.
- Pulse reflection method: The pulse reflection method includes longitudinal wave flaw detection and shear wave flaw detection. On the oscilloscope screen of the ultrasonic instrument, the abscissa represents the propagation time of the sound wave, and the ordinate represents the echo signal amplitude. The existence of the defect can be judged by the appearance of the defect echo signal; the defect distance can be determined by the position of the echo signal. The distance of the detection surface is used to locate the defect; the equivalent size of the defect is judged by the echo amplitude.
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